Introduction

To achieve good marks in the BANK PO and any Government Job Entrance exams, it is very necessary to have a proper knowledge of the basic fundamentals and grammatical rules of English Lannguage. This section provides all students with the proper notes needed to prepare for all types of Government Job Entrance tests.

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Basics of English language Grammar. Its applications and use.

• To the point notes
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POINT NO. 25: The self- or selves-ending pronouns (myself yourself himself herself itself ourselves, themselves) should be used as follows:

 (a) To emphasize a noun or pronoun already expressed.

                        The Principal himself distributed the sweets.

 I will write myself
            The doctor himself examined the patient.

(b) To reflect the action expressed by the verb back on to the subject.
            We have satisfied ourselves as to the wisdom of the action.
           He found himself  the only one in favor of the move.

(c) With words such as absent, apply enjoy, present, drink; avail, exert etc.
            He presented himself  before the manager.
            He absented himself  from the office today.

(d) But not iii place of simple personal nouns.
            Raman and 1 can distribute the sweets. (not myself)
            The tickets are for Mr. Gupta and me. (not myself)

POINT NO. 26: When the indefinite pronouns (i.e. pronouns used for persons and objects in a general way), one is the subject in a sentence, it must be followed by one or one�s and not his, her or him.
            One should keep ones promise.
                        One should do ones duty.

However, if anyone, anybody. each one, everyone, someone are used, do not use one but his or her .

             Everyone should take care of his health.
            Everyone should take care of her dress.

POINT NO. . 27: Same is not a pronoun and as such it should not be used in place of a noun.
            When you have read this boot please return it to me. (not return the same to me)
            Take these books and return them to the library. (not return the same to library)

POINT NO.28: Use of each other and one another:

(a) Each other is used in reference to two persons.
            The two brothers disliked each other. (not one another)
            The two children quarreled with each other. (not one another)
(b) One another is used in reference to more than two.
            Good boys do not quarrel with one another (not each other)

POINT NO. 29: Use of either neither none, any, any one:
Use either or neither when referring to one out of two persons or things and when referring to one out of  more than two, use any, none, no one.
            Either of you two can pay for it.
            Neither of the two brothers has been selected.
            Any one of the employees can claim it.
            None of the students of this class has passed.

POINT NO. 30: Use were to express a condition that is contrary-to-fact, an uncertainty or a wish.
            I wish I were a king. (a wish)
            If Mr Anil were here, he would know. (contrary-to-fact)
            We saw a streak in the material, as if the goods were faded. (uncertainty)

POINT NO. 31: Use of shall and will

(a) To indicate mere future action, use
             I or we shall
             You will
            He, she, it or they will
             I  (or we) shall be glad to hear from you.
            You will meet him at the railway station.
            They (or he or she) will not find the journey too tiring.
            Always say I shall unless you really mean 1 am willing or I am determined.
            We shall appreciate an early reply.
            If you use will here, it would mean we are determined to appreciate.

(b) To indicate determination, promise, desire, choice or threat use:
             Ram will,,.
            You shall
            He, she, it or they shall . -.
            I will clear the dues by the end of the week. (promise)
            In spite of the risk, I wilt go to Punjab. (determination)
            You shall obey me. (threat)
            We (or I) will report you to the police. (threat)
            he  (or they) shall not work in my department any more (determination)

 

(c) In questions
            (i) Always use shall with I and we
            Shall  I meet you at the railway station?

            Shall I pay f& it?
            (ii) With you, he, she, it and they, use the word that is expected in the answer:
            Shall he be punished? (expected answer: �He shall�)
            Will you get the report typed today? (�Yes. I will�)

(d) To emphasize willingness, use will in all cases.
            Yes, I will meet you in the evening:
            Yes, he will  meet you in the office.

 

 POINT NO.32: Use of should and would

Should and would are past tenses of shall and will and in general express the same ideas as do shall and will, except that should sometimes means ought.
            You should not speak in that way.
            We should respect our parents.
            You should visit them now.
            You would not enjoy that experience either.
             I would not allow such an agitation.
            Every day I would go jogging in the morning.
Note: In first person, always use should with the words glad, pleased, like etc.

Troublesome Adjectives and Adverbs
 Adjectives and adverbs function as modifiers; that is, they qualify or restrict the meaning of other word & Adjectives molding nouns and pronouns. Adverbs modify mainly verbs, adjectives and other adverbs.